Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals over the age of 50. It is a chronic and progressive condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. As the macula deteriorates, you may experience blurred or distorted vision, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks like reading, driving, or recognizing faces.

Types of Macular Degeneration

There are two main types of macular degeneration:
 

Dry Macular Degeneration: This is the most common form, accounting for approximately 80-90% of cases. It is characterized by the gradual buildup of yellowish deposits called drusen in the macula, which can lead to a slow, progressive deterioration of the macula. Dry macular degeneration typically progresses more slowly than the wet form, but it can still significantly impact your vision over time.
 

Wet Macular Degeneration: This form is less common, but it can progress more rapidly and cause more severe vision loss. It is caused by the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the macula, which can leak fluid and blood, damaging the macula. Wet macular degeneration can lead to a sudden and significant loss of central vision if left untreated.
 

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

The symptoms of macular degeneration can vary depending on the type and stage of the condition. Common symptoms include:
 

• Blurred or distorted central vision

• Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require sharp, central vision

• Decreased ability to see fine details

• Increased sensitivity to glare or bright lights

• Difficulty adapting to changes in lighting conditions

• Presence of a blind spot or dark spot in the central vision

In the early stages of macular degeneration, you may not experience any noticeable symptoms. Regular eye exams can help detect the condition before it progresses and causes significant vision loss.
 

Diagnosis of Macular Degeneration

Diagnosing macular degeneration typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist. The examination may include the following:
 

• Visual Acuity Test: This test measures your ability to read an eye chart, which can help determine the extent of your vision loss.

• Dilated Eye Exam: Your eye doctor will use eye drops to dilate your pupils, allowing them to get a better view of the back of your eye and the macula.

• Fundus Photography: This imaging technique captures high-resolution photographs of the back of your eye, including the macula, to identify any abnormalities.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This non-invasive imaging technique uses light waves to create detailed, cross-sectional images of the retina, which can help detect changes in the macula.

• Fluorescein Angiography: In this test, a dye is injected into your arm, and as it circulates through your blood vessels, your eye doctor can take photographs to identify any abnormal blood vessel growth or leakage in the macula.

Based on the results of these tests, your eye doctor can determine the type and stage of your macular degeneration, which is crucial for developing an appropriate treatment plan.
 

Traditional Treatment Options for Macular Degeneration

The treatment options for macular degeneration depend on the type and stage of the condition. Here are some of the traditional treatment approaches:
 

• Dietary Supplements: For individuals with dry macular degeneration, your eye doctor may recommend taking a specific combination of vitamins and minerals, such as those found in the AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) or AREDS2 formulas. These supplements have been shown to slow the progression of dry macular degeneration in some cases.

• Low-Vision Aids: If your vision has been significantly impacted by macular degeneration, your eye doctor may recommend using low-vision aids, such as magnifiers, telescopes, or specialized lighting, to help you perform daily tasks more easily.

• Laser Therapy: For individuals with wet macular degeneration, your eye doctor may consider laser therapy, which involves using a targeted laser to destroy the abnormal blood vessels growing under the macula. This treatment can help slow the progression of vision loss, but it may not restore any vision that has already been lost.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT is another treatment option for wet macular degeneration, in which a light-sensitive drug is injected into the bloodstream and then activated by a laser to selectively destroy the abnormal blood vessels.

• Anti-Angiogenic Medications: For wet macular degeneration, your eye doctor may prescribe injectable medications that block the growth of new blood vessels, such as ranibizumab (Lucentis) or aflibercept (Eylea). These medications can help slow the progression of vision loss and, in some cases, even improve vision.

It's important to work closely with your optometrist to determine the most appropriate treatment approach for your specific condition and needs.

Book Your Comprehensive Eye Exam with Dr. Richard E. Hults & Associates Today

Early detection and proactive management are key to maintaining the best possible vision. Regular eye exams and open communication with your optometrist are essential in ensuring you receive the most appropriate and effective treatment for your macular degeneration.
 

If you or a loved one are experiencing vision changes or have been diagnosed with macular degeneration, schedule an appointment with Dr. Richard E. Hults & Associates. We can provide a comprehensive evaluation and develop a personalized treatment plan to help you manage your condition and preserve your vision. Visit any of our offices in Elyria, Akron, Fairview Park, or Canton, Ohio. Please Call (440) 687-6055, (330) 252-7457, (440) 755-2857, (330) 252-7616 to book an appointment today.